Buerger's disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans or thromboangiitis, is a serious inflammatory disease of small and medium-sized arteries and veins, mainly in the legs. Less commonly, the arteries in the hands also become narrowed or blocked, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the fingers. Severe blockage leads to pain in the fingers and tissue death, requiring amputation of the affected fingers. Inflammation of the superficial veins and symptoms of Raynaud's disease also occur. The pathology is characterized by obliteration of the lumen of blood vessels, which can lead to ischemia (lack of blood supply) and tissue necrosis. Several possible causes of Buerger's disease: smoking; genetic predisposition; autoimmune processes; age - the disease most often occurs in young patients, usually under 50 years of age; hormonal factors; viral infections; chronic stress; infectious agents - some bacteria or other infectious agents can play a role in the development of the disease; systemic connective tissue diseases; Arterial hypertension - high blood pressure can increase the risk of developing Buerger's disease.
Signs:
- leg pain
- pain in the toes
- finger pain
- swelling of the big toe
- ankle swelling
- hair loss
- leg cramps
- increased concentration of protein in the urine - proteinuria
- cold feet
- lameness
- erectile dysfunction
- skin ulcers
- leg ulcers
De Quervain's disease is an inflammatory disease of the tendons of the thumb, manifested by pain in the wrist area. This pathology was first described by the Swiss surgeon Fritz de Kerven in 1895. He performed an operation to release the compressed tendons. De Quervain's disease is more common in women and is caused by prolonged stress on the hand and thumb due to repetitive wrist movements. For example, when you constantly use a smartphone, holding heavy objects with one hand. The risk of developing the syndrome increases in representatives of professions related to active work with hands - hairdressers, seamstresses, builders, pianists. Also risk factors are pregnancy and the postpartum period, rheumatoid arthritis. The mechanism of development of the pathological condition is as follows. The tendons of the wrist extensor muscles pass under the retinaculum ligament on the dorsal surface of the lower third of the forearm. In this area there are 6 channels along which the tendons slide. With frequent movements of the hand, there is increased friction of these tendons on the canal walls. As a result, edema develops, which leads to a narrowing of the canal, which disrupts the normal sliding of the tendons and leads to sharp pain in the wrist when moving the thumb.
Signs:
- pain with considerable extension and abduction of the thumb
- wrist pain
- finger pain
- forearm pain
- finger deformity
- burning in the wrist
- numbness of the fingers - paresthesia
- swelling of the hands
- stiffness of the fingers
- decreased finger strength
- reduced range of motion
Bursitis is an inflammation of the bursae around the joint. As a rule, the disease affects the large joints of the upper limbs. The bursae of the fingers can also be affected, but this is less common. During an exacerbation of bursitis, the application of cold will help: the pain will subside and the inflammation will decrease. In chronic forms of the disease, physiotherapy and drug injections are prescribed. In particularly advanced cases, doctors resort to surgical intervention.
Signs:
- finger pain
- swelling of the fingers
- redness of the skin
- bursa thickening
Secondary syphilis is the second stage of infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection. Secondary syphilis develops several weeks or months after the primary infection (primary syphilis) and is characterized by the spread of the infection throughout the body. Causes: The cause of secondary syphilis is the continuation of infection with the bacterium Treponema pallidum after the primary stage of syphilis. Here are some factors that can contribute to the development of secondary syphilis: insufficient or inadequate treatment of primary syphilis, non-compliance with treatment, late initiation of treatment, unprotected sex with an infected partner; weak immunity.
Signs:
- white coating on the tongue
- pain in the toes
- finger pain
- headache
- red eyes (hyperemia)
- abnormal vaginal discharge
- chills and shivering
- swelling of the toe
- swelling of the fingers
- skin rash
- swollen lymph nodes
Finger sprain is a pathological condition in which the articular surfaces of the finger phalanges are displaced and cease to be equal to each other. The fingers are affected more often than the toes. A sprained toe can occur in any of the joints of any finger, but most commonly occurs in the middle joint of the little, ring, middle, or index finger. Finger sprains are always caused by force applied to the nail phalanx. For example: while playing sports, the ball may hit the tip of an outstretched finger; falling on an outstretched hand. The cause of finger injury is usually household or sports trauma: forced hyperextension or impact to the finger area. A sprained toe occurs as a result of jumping or falling. .
Signs:
- finger pain
- finger deformity
- numbness of the fingers - paresthesia
- swelling of the fingers
- stiffness of the fingers
- decreased finger strength
- crunching in the knuckles
Diabetic neuropathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus, the causes of which may include: prolonged high blood sugar levels, inadequate treatment of diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders, damage to nerve cells and blood vessels, genetic predisposition, autoimmune reactions, chronic stress, insufficient physical activity. movement, smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, eating disorders, metabolic syndrome, high cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, age changes, infections, inflammatory processes in the body, long-term use of certain drugs and circulatory disorders.
Signs:
- finger pain
- diarrhea - diarrhea
- burning sensation in lower leg
- delayed ejaculation
- difficulty urinating
- itchy skin
- tingling in the toes
- numbness of the fingers - paresthesia
- numbness of the hands - paresthesia
- loss of bowel control
- loss of sensation in the legs
- loss of sensation in the hands
- stiffness of the fingers
- leg cramps
- rapid heart rate - tachycardia
- cold feet
- lameness
- chronic constipation
- excessive sweating - hyperhidrosis
Nails are purulent inflammatory formations on the skin or mucous membranes caused by the penetration of bacteria into small affected areas and can be caused by the following reasons: trauma or damage to the skin, infections with staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, pneumococci, fungi. infections, periodontitis, immunodeficiency conditions, wounds after surgery, burns, animal bite wounds, dental infections, poor diet, gum disease, skin abrasions or cracks, weak immunity, self-eating (self-mutilation), hypovitaminosis, poor personal hygiene, improperuse of contraceptives, contact with contaminated objects, a wide range of antibiotics, dysfunction of the lymphatic system and damage to mucous membranes.
Signs:
- finger pain
- skin inflammation - eczema
- thinning of the skin
- brittle hair and nails
- redness of the skin
- dry skin
Dupuytren's contracture, also called Dupuytren's disease, is an abnormal thickening of the fascia, a layer of tissue under the skin, in the palm of the hand at the base of the fingers. This thickened area may take the form of a solid lump or streak. Over time, it leads to a distortion of one or more fingers, pulling them to the side or inside the palm. The ring and little fingers are most often affected. In many cases, both hands are affected. In rare cases, the legs may be affected. Dupuytren's contracture is inherited. The exact cause of the disease is unknown. It can be caused by smoking, alcoholism, diabetes, nutritional deficiencies, or medications used to treat seizures. This disease usually begins in middle age. More common in men than women. Smokers and people with diabetes have an increased risk of developing the disease.
Signs:
- pain in one of the arms
- finger pain
- pain in hands
- finger deformity
- muscle weakness
- swelling of the fingers
- stiffness of the fingers
- weakness in arms
- lump or lump
Radial neuropathy is a dysfunction of the radiocarpal nerve. The following conditions can put pressure on the radial nerve, causing pinched nerves and neuropathic pain: radial tunnel syndrome; radial nerve palsy; Wartenberg syndrome. Other causes of radial nerve problems include: infections; overuse injuries or prolonged pressure on the hands due to casts or splints; complications from operations such as shoulder prostheses; injuries, including accidents, gunshots and stab wounds; tumors or cysts. A broken arm or dislocated shoulder can damage the radial nerve.
Signs:
- wrist pain
- pain in hands
- elbow pain
- finger pain
- forearm pain
- pain in hands
- limited wrist mobility
- limitation of hand mobility
- swelling of the hands
- loss of sensation in the hands
- stiffness of hands
Onychodystrophy is a condition characterized by changes in the structure, color or shape of the nails, the causes of which can be due to trauma or damage to the nail plate, infections such as fungal infections or bacterial paronychia, poor circulation in the nail area, congenital anomaliesof the nails, sensitivity to the nails chemical or physical insults such as contact with strong chemicals or trauma from repeated blows, disorders of the immune system, inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis or eczema, autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, dermatological conditions such as lichen planusor pyoderma, endocrine disorders such as diabetes or hypothyroidism, the effects of drugs such as retinoids or chemotherapy, bad habits such as improper nail handling or nail biting, metabolic disorders, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, especially iron or zinc, stress or psychological factors, systemicdiseases such as systemic scleroderma or leukemia, oncological processes in the body, increased loss of moisture or dehydration, long-term constant exposure to moisture or exposure of the nails to mechanical pressure.
Signs:
- finger pain
- furrows on the skin
- skin inflammation - eczema
- thinning of the skin
- brittle hair and nails
Panaritium is an inflammatory disease that affects the fingers or toes. The causes of the pathology include trauma, infection through microtraumas, improper handling of sharp objects, nail damage, insect bites, poor hygiene, diabetic neuropathy, immunodeficiency states, exposure to chemicals, contact with contaminated water, alcohol or drug intoxication, certain occupations, related to contact with harmful substances, systemic connective tissue diseases, circulatory disorders, endocrine diseases, autoimmune diseases, ARVI and other infectious diseases, circulatory disorders, damage to arteries and veins, chronic diseases of organs such as the liver and kidneys, aging.
Signs:
- finger pain
- pain in hands
- pustules
- finger deformity
- itchy skin
- brittle hair and nails
A finger fracture is a violation of the integrity of the bones of one of the fingers of the upper limb. Finger fractures can be different in nature and location. A closed fracture occurs as a result of trauma, such as falling on the arm or pinching a finger. An open fracture is characterized by the bone protruding through the skin, which can occur with serious trauma, such as an accident or a sharp object injury. A basal phalanx fracture is usually caused by a blow to the top of the finger, such as with a hammer. A fracture of the middle phalanx can be the result of a direct blow to the middle part of the finger or severe compression. A fracture of the distal phalanx can occur due to trauma, such as a fall or a hard blow to the end of the finger. A stress fracture is often associated with repetitive microtrauma or overuse, such as in athletes or those who frequently use their hands for repetitive motion.
Signs:
- finger pain
- a bone protruding from the skin
- swelling of the fingers
- redness of the skin
- stiffness of the fingers
Wrist joint injuries are injuries that can affect both bony and soft joint tissues, including bones, tendons, ligaments, and muscles. A sprained wrist occurs when the ligaments are torn due to overstretching, physical impact, or a fall. Wrist sprain syndrome is a wrist disorder, also called ulnar abduction, that occurs when the ulna is slightly longer than the radius. It usually develops after a wrist fracture has healed in an atypical manner and makes the wrist joint between that bone and the wrist bones less stable. Wrist arthritis can occur in any wrist joint due to normal wear and tear or injury to the wrist. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve is compressed. It can be caused by repetitive strain on the wrist, high blood pressure or diabetes.
Signs:
- wrist pain
- pain in hands
- finger pain
- limited wrist mobility
- limitation of hand mobility
- swelling of the hands
- stiffness of hands
Polyarthritis of the finger is inflammation of three or more joints at the same time. There are more than 100 different types of polyarthritis with different causes and treatments. The most common are: rheumatoid polyarthritis and psoriatic polyarthritis. Polyarthritis of the fingers can be caused by the following reasons: wear and tear of the phalanx joint from excessive load; age; injuries; autoimmune diseases; genetic predisposition, family burden; muscle weakness. Symptoms of polyarthritis usually develop over time, but they can also appear suddenly. The typical age for developing rheumatoid arthritis is between 30 and 50 years. However, it can also affect children, adolescents and young adults. Osteoarthritis usually develops after age 50 or 60, but there are studies that show radiographic signs of osteoarthritis in women as young as 40.
Signs:
- pain with considerable extension and abduction of the thumb
- finger pain
- finger deformity
- curvature of the little finger and ring finger
- numbness of the fingers - paresthesia
- swelling of the fingers
- stiffness of the fingers
- crunching in the knuckles
A sprain of the soft tissues of the hand is a violation of the integrity of a joint, tendon or muscle. Most vulnerable to sprains are the ligaments. A soft tissue strain can occur when a joint twists unnaturally due to a sudden twist caused by a fall. The most common injuries to the soft tissues of the hand are injuries to muscles, tendons and ligaments. These injuries often occur during sports and exercise, but sometimes simple everyday activities can lead to an injury. Sprains, strains, contusions, as well as tendinitis and bursitis are the main forms of injury.
Signs:
- wrist pain
- pain in hands
- finger pain
- limited wrist mobility
- limitation of hand mobility
- swelling of the hands
- stiffness of hands
Rheumatoid arthritis of the hands is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect more than just the joints. In some people, the condition can cause damage to various body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels. An autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis of the hands occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks tissue in its own body. Factors increasing the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: gender - women are more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis; age - rheumatoid arthritis of the hands and fingers can appear at any age, but most often begins to develop in middle age; family history - the risk of developing the disease increases if at least one blood relative has rheumatoid arthritis; smoking - due to the consumption of nicotine, rheumatoid arthritis develops faster and proceeds with more acute symptoms; Overweight – patients who are overweight are at a slightly higher risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.
Signs:
- pain in hands
- finger pain
- high fever - hyperpyrexia
- finger deformity
- chills and shivering
- swelling of the fingers
- loss of appetite
- problems grasping objects with the hand
- stiffness of hands
- stiffness of the fingers
- decreased finger strength
Sickle cell anemia is a pathology that belongs to a group of hereditary diseases. The disease affects the shape of the red blood cells that carry oxygen to all parts of the body. Red blood cells are usually round and flexible, so they move easily through blood vessels. In sickle cell anemia, some red blood cells are sickle or crescent shaped. Sickle cells also become hard and sticky, which can slow or block blood flow. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in the gene that controls the production of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin allows red blood cells to carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. Abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become hard, sticky, and misshapen. For a child to get the disease, both the mother and father must carry one copy of the sickle cell gene – also known as sickle cell trait – and pass both copies of the altered form on to the child.
Signs:
- chest pain
- bone pain (osalgia)
- finger pain
- joint pain - arthralgia
- "sausage" type inflammation of the fingers.
- growth arrest
- iron deficiency - anemia
- swelling of the legs
- swelling of the fingers
- swelling of the hands
- yellowing of the skin and pupils of the eyes - jaundice
- loss of consciousness - fainting
- reduced vision
- rapid heart rate - tachycardia
- chronic fatigue - increased fatigue
Thrombosis is complete or partial obstruction of the vessel lumen by a parietal or mobile thrombus. Thrombosis in a vein is caused either by venous congestion due to long periods of immobility, increased blood clotting due to chemical imbalances, or damage to the vein. Most cases of thrombosis in an artery are the result of atherosclerosis, a hardening and narrowing of the artery walls. There are also certain risk factors that can increase your chance of developing blood clots: older age; pregnancy; certain birth control medications; hormone replacement therapy; lack of physical activity; obesity; smoking; infection; autoimmune diseases; hand injury; surgery; hereditary vascular diseases; previous blood clots.
Signs:
- finger pain
- pain in hands
- shortness of breath - dyspnea
- numbness of the hands - paresthesia
- swelling of the hands
Preeclampsia is a complication that occurs in the later stages of pregnancy. This becomes one of the factors provoking swelling of the fingers. In addition, the problem is characterized by: frequent headaches, unusual swelling of the face and fingers, blurred vision, weight gain and abdominal pain. Early treatment of preeclampsia is critical to ensure a safe pregnancy and delivery. It involves medication, constant monitoring by a doctor and, in rare cases, early delivery.
When should you see a doctor if you have finger pain?
You should make an appointment with your doctor if:
- finger pain is severe or interferes with normal activities;
- pain increases at night;
- the pain does not decrease after treatment at home for a week;
- there is numbness or loss of sensation in the hand;
- you have a history of diabetes;
- you can't move your thumb or hold objects;
- phalanges change shape or color.
Diagnosis
Based on the results of the initial examination, the doctor may prescribe:
- stool analysis for dysbacteriosis
- blood analysis
- vitamin D test
- arthroscopy
- biopsy
- skin biopsy
- lymph node biopsy
- blood biochemistry
- bronchoscopy
- dermatoscopy
- duplex scan of lower extremities
- immunological examination
- polymerase chain reaction test
- Finkelstein Research
- Eichhoff's studies
- skin tests
- computed angiography
- computed angiography of the lower extremities
- computed tomography of the chest
- computed tomography of the hand
- computed tomography of the lungs
- computed tomography of lymph nodes
- computed tomography of the wrist joint
- computed tomography of vessels of the neck
- MRI of the hand
- MRI of lymph nodes
- Magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist joints
- magnetic resonance imaging of the heart
- nuclear magnetic resonance of the joints
- microscopic examination of a smear
- radiography
- chest x-ray
- X-ray of the hand
- chest x-ray
- X-ray of the wrist joint
- radiography of the lower extremities
- X-ray of a finger
- X-ray of the fingers
- X-ray of the esophagus
- serological test
- thoracentesis
- ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity
- Ultrasound examination of the veins of the upper limbs
- ultrasound examination of the brain - neurosonography
- Ultrasound examination of the hand
- Ultrasound examination of the wrist joint
- Ultrasound examination of the soft tissues of the arm and hand
- ultrasound examination of the spleen
- Echographic examination of the heart - echocardiography
- fluorography of the chest
- electroneuromyography
How to relieve finger pain?
The following tips can help relieve finger pain at home:
- apply ice packs for 20 minutes every 2-3 hours;
- pain relievers;
- stop or reduce activities that cause pain, such as writing, using vibrating work tools, or playing a musical instrument;
- do not take hot baths, do not go to the sauna or bath in the first 2-3 days after the injury;
- do not lift heavy objects.